25 may 2010

Ajenjo


Conocida en la notación botánica como Artemisia absinthium. Este ser vegetal, familiar cercano del girasol, la margarita, y el crisantemo, es nativo de Europa y actualmente crece silvestre también en América, sobre todo en lugares alterados y afectados por la actividad humana. Se adapta a gran diversidad de climas y es muy poco exigente en cuanto a los suelos; tiene buena resistencia al frío y a las condiciones de sequía.

Su nombre científico hace alusión a Artemisa, diosa griega de la fecundidad y la naturaleza; absinthium significa “sin dulzor” indicando su sabor amargo. Conocida desde la antigüedad ya por los egipcios, transmitida después a los griegos, esta hierba ha sido denominada la "madre de todas las hierbas" en la obra "Tesoro de los pobres"

Lo podemos encontrar en zonas montañosas de la Península, lugares húmedos y a menudo en antiguas plantaciones, bastante corrientes en la antigüedad.

Podemos encontrar ajenjo en flor entre julio y septiembre.

Las flores, pequeñas y de color amarillo, resultan más llamativas pues se reúnen más de treinta en un capítulo redondeado, pareciendo de esta forma mucho más grandes. Estos se encuentran protegidos por una serie de brácteas.

La recolección deberá hacerse en verano, una vez la planta se encuentre con los capítulos  recién abiertos o a punto de abrirse; se procede a recoger las sumidades floridas y a efectuar una desecación lo mas rápida posible, siempre al abrigo del sol, preservando después la muestra de la humedad con los medios apropiados.


La planta es rica en aceites esenciales, entre los que se encuentra tuyona y tuyol, que poseen propiedades carminativas, facilitadoras de la digestión, antihelmínticas, antibióticas y emenagogas.

Si bien hay que advertir que la tuyona, en dosis elevadas, provoca convulsiones, por lo que se desaconseja su uso de forma continua ya que se pueden producir trastornos nerviosos, gástricos y hepáticos; por tanto, no se recomienda el empleo de la esencia.


Se utiliza principalmente como antiespasmódico ginecológico; por ello mismo está contraindicado en mujeres embarazadas.

También encontramos principios amargos como absintina, taninos y sales de potasio, responsables de su popular uso como aperitivosiendo muy curioso su empleo en la fabricación del vermut, nombre que deriva de su designación en idioma alemán.


Además presenta propiedades coleréticas, por lo que se emplea en disquinesias biliares.

- Infusión. Se prepara con siete gramos de la sumidad florida de la planta, sobre un litro de agua ya hervida, dejándolo en contacto durante quince minutos.


De esta preparación se puede tomar un máximo de dos vasos al día como aperitivo.


- Polvo. La dosis máxima es de tres gramos al día, empleándose como aperitivo o antitérmico.

En mayor cantidad hasta un total de 8 gramos al día, se puede emplear como vermífugo contra los oxiuros.

- Tintura. Se pueden añadir 15 gotas a una infusión de menta o anís, para tomar tres veces al día fuera de las comidas.

Carminativo. Aperitivo. Antibiótico

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